Resumo Este trabalho busca apreender os desafios que perpassam o processo, em curso, de inserção de alimentos da sociobiodiversidade na alimentação escolar, no município de Mostardas, no Rio Grande do Sul, bem como analisar os possíveis resultados desse movimento in loco. A respeito do percurso metodológico, em decorrência do contexto pandêmico de covid-19, foram realizadas entrevistas por telefone e/ou pelo aplicativo WhatsApp© com atores que tivessem, de algum modo, envolvimento no processo de inclusão de alimentos da sociobiodiversidade no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, como nutricionistas, comunidade escolar, entidades locais, agricultores(as) familiares e pesquisadores(as). Assim, recorreu-se à abordagem qualitativa, tanto para a geração do material empírico quanto para a análise dos dados. Acerca dos resultados, foram identificados desafios relacionados ao plano da produção, do consumo e do abastecimento. E, ainda, no âmbito das políticas públicas, foram constatados entraves relacionados ao acesso a determinados programas federais, burocracia dos processos e falta de iniciativas por parte do poder público local. Com relação aos possíveis desdobramentos do movimento em questão, os participantes manifestaram repercussões sobre a saúde, a qualidade da alimentação, o meio ambiente e a economia local, o que impactaria positivamente sobre a Soberania e a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.

Abstract This work seeks to understand the challenges that permeate the ongoing process of inserting sociobiodiversity foods into school meals, in the municipality of Mostardas, Rio Grande do Sul, and to analyze the possible results of this movement in loco. Regarding the methodological course, due to the covid-19 pandemic context, interviews were carried out by phone call and/or by the WhatsApp© application with actors who were somehow involved with the process of inclusion of sociobiodiversity foods in the National School Feeding Program, such as nutritionists, the school community, local entities, family farmers, and researchers. Thus, a qualitative approach was used, both for the generation of empirical material and for data analysis. Regarding the results, challenges related to the production, consumption, and supply plan were identified. And yet, in the scope of public policies, obstacles related to access to certain federal programs, bureaucracy of processes, and lack of initiatives on the part of the local government were found. Regarding the possible developments of the movement in question, the participants expressed repercussions on health, food quality, the environment, and the local economy, which would positively impact Food and Nutrition Sovereignty and Security.

Abstract Background Most of the evidence about the impact of the post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) reports individual symptoms without correlations with related imaging. Objectives To evaluate cardiopulmonary symptoms, their predictors and related images in COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital. Methods Consecutive patients who survived COVID-19 were contacted 90 days after discharge. The Clinic Outcome Team structured a questionnaire evaluating symptoms and clinical status (blinded for hospitalization data). A multivariate analysis was performed to address the course of COVID-19, comorbidities, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress during hospitalization, and cardiac rehabilitation after discharge. The significance level was set at 5%. Results A total of 480 discharged patients with COVID-19 (age: 59±14 years, 67.5% males) were included; 22.3% required mechanical ventilation. The prevalence of patients with PACS-related cardiopulmonary symptoms (dyspnea, tiredness/fatigue, cough, and chest discomfort) was 16.3%. Several parameters of chest computed tomography and echocardiogram were similar in patients with and without cardiopulmonary symptoms. The multivariate analysis showed that PACS-related cardiopulmonary-symptoms were independently related to female sex (OR 3.023; 95% CI 1.319-6.929), in-hospital deep venous thrombosis (OR 13.689; 95% CI 1.069-175.304), elevated troponin I (OR 1.355; 95% CI 1.048-1.751) and C-reactive protein during hospitalization (OR 1.060; 95% CI 1.023-1.097) and depression (OR 6.110; 95% CI 2.254-16.558). Conclusion PACS-related cardiopulmonary symptoms 90 days post-discharge are common and multifactorial. Beyond thrombotic and markers of inflammation/myocardial injury during hospitalization, female sex and depression were independently associated with cardiopulmonary-related PACS. These results highlighted the need for a multifaceted approach targeting susceptible patients.

Resumo Fundamento A maioria da evidência sobre o impacto da síndrome COVID pós-aguda (PACS, do inglês, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome) descreve sintomas individuais sem correlacioná-los com exames de imagens. Objetivos Avaliar sintomas cardiopulmonares, seus preditores e imagens relacionadas em pacientes com COVID-19 após alta hospitalar. Métodos Pacientes consecutivos, que sobreviveram à COVID-19, foram contatados 90 dias após a alta hospitalar. A equipe de desfechos clínicos (cega quanto aos dados durante a internação) elaborou um questionário estruturado avaliando sintomas e estado clínico. Uma análise multivariada foi realizada abordando a evolução da COVID-19, comorbidades, ansiedade, depressão, e estresse pós-traumático durante a internação, e reabilitação cardíaca após a alta. O nível de significância usado nas análises foi de 5%. Resultados Foram incluídos 480 pacientes (idade 59±14 anos, 67,5% do sexo masculino) que receberam alta hospitalar por COVID-19; 22,3% necessitaram de ventilação mecânica. A prevalência de pacientes com sintomas cardiopulmonares relacionados à PACS (dispneia, cansaço/fadiga, tosse e desconforto no peito) foi de 16,3%. Vários parâmetros de tomografia computadorizada do tórax e de ecocardiograma foram similares entre os pacientes com e sem sintomas cardiopulmonares. A análise multivariada mostrou que sintomas cardiopulmonares foram relacionados de maneira independente com sexo feminino (OR 3,023; IC95% 1,319-6,929), trombose venosa profunda durante a internação (OR 13,689; IC95% 1,069-175,304), nível elevado de troponina (OR 1,355; IC95% 1,048-1,751) e de proteína C reativa durante a internação (OR 1,060; IC95% 1,023-1,097) e depressão (OR 6,110; IC95% 2,254-16,558). Conclusão Os sintomas cardiopulmonares relacionados à PACS 90 dias após a alta hospitalar são comuns e multifatoriais. Além dos marcadores trombóticos, inflamatórios e de lesão miocárdica durante a internação, sexo feminino e depressão foram associados independentemente com sintomas cardiopulmonares relacionados à PACS. Esses resultados destacaram a necessidade de uma abordagem multifacetada direcionada a pacientes susceptíveis.

Abstract This work seeks to understand the challenges that permeate the ongoing process of inserting sociobiodiversity foods into school meals, in the municipality of Mostardas, Rio Grande do Sul, and to analyze the possible results of this movement in loco. Regarding the methodological course, due to the covid-19 pandemic context, interviews were carried out by phone call and/or by the WhatsApp© application with actors who were somehow involved with the process of inclusion of sociobiodiversity foods in the National School Feeding Program, such as nutritionists, the school community, local entities, family farmers, and researchers. Thus, a qualitative approach was used, both for the generation of empirical material and for data analysis. Regarding the results, challenges related to the production, consumption, and supply plan were identified. And yet, in the scope of public policies, obstacles related to access to certain federal programs, bureaucracy of processes, and lack of initiatives on the part of the local government were found. Regarding the possible developments of the movement in question, the participants expressed repercussions on health, food quality, the environment, and the local economy, which would positively impact Food and Nutrition Sovereignty and Security.

Resumo Este trabalho busca apreender os desafios que perpassam o processo, em curso, de inserção de alimentos da sociobiodiversidade na alimentação escolar, no município de Mostardas, no Rio Grande do Sul, bem como analisar os possíveis resultados desse movimento in loco. A respeito do percurso metodológico, em decorrência do contexto pandêmico de covid-19, foram realizadas entrevistas por telefone e/ou pelo aplicativo WhatsApp© com atores que tivessem, de algum modo, envolvimento no processo de inclusão de alimentos da sociobiodiversidade no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, como nutricionistas, comunidade escolar, entidades locais, agricultores(as) familiares e pesquisadores(as). Assim, recorreu-se à abordagem qualitativa, tanto para a geração do material empírico quanto para a análise dos dados. Acerca dos resultados, foram identificados desafios relacionados ao plano da produção, do consumo e do abastecimento. E, ainda, no âmbito das políticas públicas, foram constatados entraves relacionados ao acesso a determinados programas federais, burocracia dos processos e falta de iniciativas por parte do poder público local. Com relação aos possíveis desdobramentos do movimento em questão, os participantes manifestaram repercussões sobre a saúde, a qualidade da alimentação, o meio ambiente e a economia local, o que impactaria positivamente sobre a Soberania e a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.

Resumen El uso constante de los dispositivos móviles está generando nuevos fenómenos de comportamiento. En años recientes, se ha puesto énfasis en los cambios cognitivos que se podrían generar en los jóvenes que hacen uso excesivo de estos dispositivos. El objetivo del trabajo fue conocer las diferencias en la atención sostenida en jóvenes universitarios asociadas a distintos niveles de uso del teléfono inteligente. Se obtuvo una muestra de 94 adultos, 34 hombres y 60 mujeres de 18 a 23 años (M = 19.34, DE = 1.09) alumnos de la escuela superior de Actopan, Hidalgo-México. Se aplicó la Escala de Dependencia y Adicción al Smartphone EDAS (Aranda-López et al., 2017) y una prueba computarizada de ejecución continua (CPT) Test of Atenttional Vigilance (TOAV; Mueller y Pipper, 2014). Se realizó un ANOVA de una vía, en el que la variable independiente fue el nivel de uso del teléfono inteligente (sin dependencia, dependencia y adicción) y la variable dependiente fueron las puntuaciones obtenidas en el TOAV. Se observó que existen diferencias significativas a nivel estadístico en lo relativo a errores de omisión de la segunda mitad de la prueba (p = .005); las diferencias fueron entre los grupos de sin dependencia-dependencia (p = .010) y sin dependencia-adicción (p = .024). Acorde a los hallazgos del presente estudio, existen diferencias en el proceso de atención sostenida entre usuarios con diferentes niveles de uso del teléfono inteligente; los estudiantes con niveles de dependencia y adicción enfrentan dificultades en la atención sostenida cuando la tarea se prolonga y aumenta la demanda cognitiva.

Abstract The constant use of mobile devices changed our lives dramatically during the past years and its usage increased over the years. Smartphone use is associated with isolation and interpersonal problems; its overuse can cause cognitive problems too (Matar Boumosleh & Jaalouk, 2017). Cognitive problems associated with smartphones in young people are reduction of sustained attention and working memory. Findings have been reported in which younger populations show deterioration in different components of care, highlighting the difficulty of walking and using the smartphone at the same time (Prupetkaew et al., 2019). It has been reported that the impulsivity associated with use of smartphone in silent mode interferes in memory tests unlike when it is in off mode in young populations (Canale et al., 2019). It is necessary to evaluate the effects of using a smartphone on young people because it is a population that uses it constantly to develop in work, academic, sports, and even socializing activities. The aim of this paper was to find out the differences in sustained attention in young university students with different levels of smartphone use. A sample of 94 adults, 34 men and 60 women between the ages of 18 and 23 (M = 19.34, SD = 1.09), who were students of the higher school of Actopan, Hidalgo-Mexico. The EDAS –Smartphone Dependency and Addiction Scale– was applied (Aranda-López et al., 2017). For the evaluation of attention, a Computerized Continuous Running Test (CPT), Test of Attentional Vigilance (TOAV) was applied using the Psychology Experimental Building Language PEBL-2 platform (Mueller & Pipper, 2014). The inclusion criteria were that the participants were between 18-23 years old, right-handed, with normal and/or corrected vision. They were excluded from the investigation if they had a history of psychiatric and/or neurological diseases, learning difficulties, chronic alcohol and/or drug use. A one-way ANOVA was performed, where the independent variable was the level of smartphone use (no dependence, dependence and addiction) and the dependent variable was the scores obtained in the TOAV. It was observed that there are statistically significant differences in the errors of omission of the second half of the test (p = .05), the differences were found between the groups of no dependence-dependence (p =.10) and without dependence-addiction (p = .24). The results showed that there are differences in the execution of a neuropsychological task, regarding the omission errors of the second part of the test. These differences could suggest that the level of sustained attention is diminished in the participants of the dependency and addiction group at the end of the task. On the other hand, it is also concluded that students with levels of dependence and smartphone addiction face attention difficulties when the task is longer and cognitive demand increases. This type of data must be analyzed taking into consideration variables such as sex, socioeconomic level, age, profile of use, quality of sleep, level of physical activity, among others.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Conocer la diversidad genética de Aedes aegypti en el corredor vial transfronterizo Central-Alto Paraná de Paraguay, con registros de casos de dengue. Materiales y métodos: Se seleccionaron veinte hembras adultas de la eclosión de huevos de Ae. aegypti procedentes de casas geolocalizadas en los departamentos de Alto Paraná, Caaguazú, Cordillera y Central, entre el 2018 y 2019. Se extrajo ADN del tejido de las hembras para amplificación aleatoria de sus patrones polimórficos mediante amplificación aleatoria del ADN polimórfico por PCR (RAPD-PCR), usando cebadores H3 y B03 a fin de conocer parámetros genéticos de diversidad poblacional. Las relaciones entre las poblaciones de mosquitos según la localidad fueron visualizadas mediante análisis no apareado de la media aritmética. Las áreas idóneas de distribución geográfica real y potencial de estas poblaciones de Ae. aegypti fueron analizadas mediante DIVA-GIS 7.3.0 y MAXENT. Resultados: Se identificaron 40 loci mediante perfiles RAPD-PCR, con diferenciación génica moderada (Gst = 0,12). El corredor transfronterizo presentó condiciones bioclimáticas para la presencia de poblaciones variantes de Ae. aegypti, siendo determinantes en la distribución la precipitación del trimestre más cálido y la temperatura media del trimestre más seco. Conclusiones: Se evidencia que existe diversidad genética moderada en las poblaciones de Ae. aegypti procedentes de zonas con registros de casos de dengue ubicadas en el corredor vial transfronterizo que une los departamentos Central y Alto Paraná de Paraguay. El estudio de variabilidad genética de Ae. aegypti es de gran utilidad para la vigilancia entomoepidemiológica y evaluación de posibles eventos de resistencia al control químico.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti in the Central-Alto Paraná cross-border road corridor of Paraguay, an area that has reports of dengue cases. Materials and methods: Twenty adult females were selected from hatching Ae. aegypti eggs from households geolocated in the departments of Alto Paraná, Caaguazú, Cordillera and Central, between 2018 and 2019. DNA was extracted from the tissue of females for amplifying their polymorphic patterns by random amplification of polymorphic DNA by PCR (RAPD-PCR), using primers H3 and B03 in order to identify genetic parameters of population diversity. The relationships between mosquito populations according to locality were observed by unpaired arithmetic mean analysis. We used DIVA-GIS 7.3.0 and MAXENT to analyze the suitable areas of actual and potential geographic distribution of these Ae. aegypti populations. Results: Forty loci were identified by RAPD-PCR profiling, with moderate gene differentiation (Gst = 0.12). The cross-border corridor presented bioclimatic conditions for the presence of variant populations of Ae. aegypti, with precipitation in the warmest quarter and mean temperature in the driest quarter being determinant in the distribution. Conclusions: There is evidence of moderate genetic diversity in Ae. aegypti populations from areas that have reported dengue cases in the cross-border road corridor linking the Central and Alto Paraná departments of Paraguay. The study of genetic variability of Ae. aegypti is very useful for entomo-epidemiological surveillance and evaluation of possible resistance to chemical control.

Abstract: Objective: To functionally characterize patients with Cerebral Palsy (CP) living in the Magallanes Re gion and the Chilean Antarctic. Patient and Method: Descriptive-retrospective observational study of patients with cerebral palsy, registered in the Outpatient Rehabilitation Program of the Corporación de Rehabilitación Club de Leones Cruz del Sur de Punta Arenas between 1986 and 2018. Patients with CP were clinically categorized and then functionally characterized according to gross motor skills (GMFCS), manual ability (MACS), feeding ability (EDACS), and communication function (CFCS). Results: 106 patients were included. Regarding the clinical classification, the most common type of CP was bilateral spastic paralysis, with the highest percentage of functional involvement in each of the evaluated areas, followed by unilateral spastic paralysis, while cases of dystonic CP and other non-classifiable types presented were less frequent. According to the clinical subclassification, spastic diplegia was more frequent, especially affecting manual and communication skills level I compared with hemiplegia, while cases of mixed and unclassifiable quadriplegia were less frequent with greater overall involvement of level I feeding skills. Conclusion: The observed results of CP in the Magalla nes Region and the Chilean Antarctic are similar to studies available in the literature. The complete evaluation and classification of patients with CP enable a better understanding of the pathology for future studies.

Resumen: Objetivo: Caracterizar funcionalmente a pacientes con Parálisis Cerebral (PC) que viven en la región de Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena. Pacientes y Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo-retros- pectivo de pacientes con parálisis cerebral, registrados en el Programa de Rehabilitación Ambulatorio de la Corporación de Rehabilitación Club de Leones Cruz del Sur de Punta Arenas entre los años 1986 y 2018. Los pacientes con PC se categorizaron clínicamente, y posteriormente se caracterizaron funcionalmente en base a sistemas de clasificación de habilidades motoras (escala GMFCS), ma nuales (escala MACS), alimentación (escala EDACS) y comunicación (escala CFCS). Resultados: Se incluyeron 106 pacientes con PC. En relación con la clasificación clínica, el tipo más común de PC fue la parálisis espástica bilateral, quienes también presentan el mayor porcentaje de compromiso de funcional en cada una de las áreas evaluada, seguido por la parálisis espástica unilateral. Los casos de PC distónica y otros tipos no clasificables presentaron menor frecuencia de casos. En base a la sub- clasificación clínica diagnóstica, la mayor frecuencia detectada fue la diplejia espástica, concentrando el compromiso funcional especialmente en las habilidades manuales y de comunicación de nivel I en comparación a la hemiplejia. En el caso de cuadriplejia, mixta y no clasificable, presentan menor frecuencia de casos, con un mayor compromiso general en las habilidades de alimentación en nivel I. Conclusión: Los resultados observados de la PC en la región de Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena son similares a estudios disponibles en la literatura. La completa evaluación y clasificación de pacientes con PC posibilita una mayor comprensión de la patología para futuros estudios.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti in the Central-Alto Paraná cross-border road corridor of Paraguay, an area that has reports of dengue cases. Materials and methods: Twenty adult females were selected from hatching Ae. aegypti eggs from households geolocated in the departments of Alto Paraná, Caaguazú, Cordillera and Central, between 2018 and 2019. DNA was extracted from the tissue of females for amplifying their polymorphic patterns by random amplification of polymorphic DNA by PCR (RAPD-PCR), using primers H3 and B03 in order to identify genetic parameters of population diversity. The relationships between mosquito populations according to locality were observed by unpaired arithmetic mean analysis. We used DIVA-GIS 7.3.0 and MAXENT to analyze the suitable areas of actual and potential geographic distribution of these Ae. aegypti populations. Results: Forty loci were identified by RAPD-PCR profiling, with moderate gene differentiation (Gst = 0.12). The cross-border corridor presented bioclimatic conditions for the presence of variant populations of Ae. aegypti, with precipitation in the warmest quarter and mean temperature in the driest quarter being determinant in the distribution. Conclusions: There is evidence of moderate genetic diversity in Ae. aegypti populations from areas that have reported dengue cases in the cross-border road corridor linking the Central and Alto Paraná departments of Paraguay. The study of genetic variability of Ae. aegypti is very useful for entomo-epidemiological surveillance and evaluation of possible resistance to chemical control.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Conocer la diversidad genética de Aedes aegypti en el corredor vial transfronterizo Central-Alto Paraná de Paraguay, con registros de casos de dengue. Materiales y métodos: Se seleccionaron veinte hembras adultas de la eclosión de huevos de Ae. aegypti procedentes de casas geolocalizadas en los departamentos de Alto Paraná, Caaguazú, Cordillera y Central, entre el 2018 y 2019. Se extrajo ADN del tejido de las hembras para amplificación aleatoria de sus patrones polimórficos mediante amplificación aleatoria del ADN polimórfico por PCR (RAPD-PCR), usando cebadores H3 y B03 a fin de conocer parámetros genéticos de diversidad poblacional. Las relaciones entre las poblaciones de mosquitos según la localidad fueron visualizadas mediante análisis no apareado de la media aritmética. Las áreas idóneas de distribución geográfica real y potencial de estas poblaciones de Ae. aegypti fueron analizadas mediante DIVA-GIS 7.3.0 y MAXENT. Resultados: Se identificaron 40 loci mediante perfiles RAPD-PCR, con diferenciación génica moderada (Gst = 0,12). El corredor transfronterizo presentó condiciones bioclimáticas para la presencia de poblaciones variantes de Ae. aegypti, siendo determinantes en la distribución la precipitación del trimestre más cálido y la temperatura media del trimestre más seco. Conclusiones: Se evidencia que existe diversidad genética moderada en las poblaciones de Ae. aegypti procedentes de zonas con registros de casos de dengue ubicadas en el corredor vial transfronterizo que une los departamentos Central y Alto Paraná de Paraguay. El estudio de variabilidad genética de Ae. aegypti es de gran utilidad para la vigilancia entomoepidemiológica y evaluación de posibles eventos de resistencia al control químico.

Resumen El exantema intertriginoso y flexural simétrico por fármacos (SDRIFE) es una toxicodermia que se presenta con exantema limitado a pliegues, sobretodo en región glútea y genital, y representa una reacción a la exposición sistémica a un medicamento sin sensibilización previa. Presentamos el caso de una paciente mujer adulta previamente sana, que consulta por este tipo de reacción medicamentosa asociada al uso de piroxicam intramuscular, manejada de forma exitosa con antihistamínicos, esteroides tópicos y sistémicos.

Abstract Symmetrical drug related intertriginous and flexural exanthema is a cutaneous drug eruption that is characterized by exanthema limited to creases, buttocks and the upper inner thighs. It represents a reaction to systemic exposure to a drug, without previous sensitization. We present the case of a woman, previously healthy, who consulted due to this drug reaction after being injected with piroxicam, who was successfully treated with antihistamines, topical and systemic corticosteroids.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating inulin and oligosaccharides resulted from the enzymatic hydrolysis of the commercial succinoglycan, regarding the physicochemical properties, rheology, syneresis and probiotic viability of soy and rice-based fermented beverages added with Lactobacillus paracasei. Four formulations were prepared and supplemented with 3.5% of inulin; 0.5% of succinoglycan oligosaccharides; 3.0% of inulin and 0.5% of succinoglycan oligosaccharides, and evaluated for 28 days of storage under refrigeration at 5 ºC. The succinoglycan oligosaccharides presented an average degree of polymerization (DPn) of 8. All the formulations were characterized as pseudoplastic fluids. Regarding syneresis, the formulations with succinoglycan oligosaccharides and Mix exhibited a reduction of it and this was not observed in the formulation with inulin. Regarding the probiotic viability, all the formulations maintained the subsistence of Lactobacillus paracasei with counts above 108 CFU mL-1 up to the 28th storage day, however, only the incorporated prebiotic formulations presented sufficient numbers of viable cells after exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Therefore, this fermented beverage proved to be an innovative alternative of non-dairy products interesting for the food industry to attend the population’s aspirations for functional products.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de uma pinça fragmentadora de núcleo, de baixo custo, desenvolvida para reduzir o uso de ultrassom durante a emulsificação do núcleo. Métodos: Sessenta olhos de porco com 10 horas de enucleação foram colocados no forno de microondas, em potência máxima por 10 segundos, para a formação de catarata com dureza comparável à de um núcleo grau IV na Lens Opacities Classification System III. A extração da catarata foi realizada com o facoemulsificador Centurion® (Alcon Laboratories, Genebra, Suíça) e microscópio Leica M620. Todos os olhos foram submetidos a técnica de pre-chop, dividindo o núcleo em quatro partes. Em 30 olhos, após o pre-chop, foi feita a facoemulsificação dos quadrantes com o modo torsional e, nos outros 30 olhos, após o pre-chop, cada quadrante foi fragmentado com a pinça antes da facoemulsificação com o modo torsional. O aparelho foi calibrado para todos os olhos com os seguintes parâmetros: faco torsional linear 40%; pressão intraocular 65 mmHg; vácuo linear 600mmHg e fluxo de aspiração 40cc/minuto. Após cada procedimento, verificaram-se energia dissipada acumulada; média da amplitude do faco torsional; média equivalente do poder ultrassônico; líquido aspirado estimado; tempo total de ultrassom e tempo total de aspiração. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste de Kruskal-Wallis com o IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Valor de p<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. Resultados: Houve redução estatisticamente significante em favor do uso da pinça fragmentadora de núcleo em todos os parâmetros, menos na média de amplitude do faco torsional. Conclusão: O uso da pinça fragmentadora de núcleo contribuiu para melhorar a eficácia do faco torsional em olhos de porco enucleados.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of low-cost nucleus fragmenting forceps designed to reduce the use of ultrasound during phacoemulsification. Methods: A total of 60 pig eyes enucleated 10 hours before were placed in the microwave oven, at maximum power for 10 seconds, to form cataracts with hardness comparable to a grade IV nucleus in the Lens Opacities Classification System III. Cataract extraction was performed using the Centurion® phacoemulsifier (Alcon Laboratories, Geneve, Switzerland) and Leica M620 microscope. All eyes were submitted to the pre-chop technique dividing the nucleus into four parts. After the pre-chop, the quadrants in 30 eyes were phacoemulsified with the torsional mode and were fragmented in the remaining 30 eyes after the pre-chop was with the fragmentation forceps before torsional mode phacoemulsification. The device was calibrated for all eyes by applying the following parameters: 40% linear torsional phacoemulsification; intraocular pressure of 65 mmHg; the linear vacuum of 600 mmHg; aspiration flow of 40 ccs/minute. After each procedure, the following was recorded: cumulative dissipated energy; equivalent average torsional amplitude; equivalent average ultrasonic power; estimated aspirated fluid; ultrasound total time; and total aspiration time. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction favoring the use of the nucleus fragmenting forceps in all parameters, except for the average torsional amplitude. Conclusion: The use of the nucleus fragmenting forceps contributed to improving the efficacy of torsional phacoemulsification in enucleated pig eyes.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a adesão às boas práticas de manutenção do cateter venoso central pela equipe de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: pesquisa observacional, transversal, quantitativa com observação não participante. A coleta de dados foi orientada por instrumento desenvolvido para este estudo, constituído por cinco dimensões. Ocorreu em unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: foram realizadas 700 observações, que resultaram, no geral, em 402 (57,4%) procedimentos de adesão às boas práticas. Higiene das mãos (8%) e Realização de curativos (10%) foram as dimensões com menor adesão. Conclusões: as boas práticas de manutenção do cateter venoso central mostraram-se parcialmente presentes na rotina da equipe de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Em momentos críticos, intensificar a qualificação das equipes para uma melhor adaptação aos novos processos de trabalho é uma estratégia para sustentar a cultura de segurança do paciente.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess adherence to good practices for central venous catheter maintenance by the nursing team during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: observational, cross-sectional, quantitative research with non-participant observation. Data collection was guided by an instrument developed for this study, consisting of five dimensions. It took place in the intensive care unit of a university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Results: a total of 700 observations were carried out, which resulted, in general, in 402 (57.4%) procedures for adherence to good practices. Hand hygiene (8%) and Performing the dressings (10%) were the dimensions with the lowest adherence. Conclusions: good practices for central venous catheter maintenance were partially present in the routine of the nursing team during the COVID-19 pandemic. In critical moments, intensifying the qualification of the teams for a better adaptation to the new work processes is a strategy to sustain the patient safety culture.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar adhesión a buenas prácticas de manutención del catéter venoso central por grupo de enfermería en tiempos de COVID-19. Métodos: investigación observacional, transversal, cuantitativa con observación no participante. La recolecta de datos fue orientada por instrumento desarrollado para este estudio, constituido por cinco dimensiones. Ocurrió en unidad de terapia intensiva de un hospital universitario en Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: fueron realizadas 700 observaciones, que resultaron, en el general, en 402 (57,4%) procedimientos de adhesión a las buenas prácticas. Higiene de las manos (8%) y Realización de curativos (10%) fueron las dimensiones con menor adhesión. Conclusiones: las buenas prácticas de manutención del catéter venoso central se mostraron parcialmente presentes en la rutina del grupo de enfermería durante la pandemia de COVID-19. En momentos críticos, intensificar la calificación de los grupos para una mejor adaptación a los nuevos procesos laborales es una estrategia para sustentar la cultura de seguridad del paciente.

Abstract The symptoms of dyslexia tend to persist into adulthood. Unfortunately, many young people with reading difficulties are never diagnosed and continue dealing with their reading disabilities in postsecondary stages. The objective of this study was to identify residual problems in pre-university students through the application of a dyslexia questionnaire. Fifty-two students of the last year of high school participated, between 17 and 18 years, 26 young people classified as dyslexic because of poor reading performance and poor spelling, and 26 young people without reading difficulties. Dyslexic teenagers do not have number rotation problems, but they reported problems filling out forms, spelling correctly, and reading aloud. On the other hand, teenagers without dyslexia more often pointed out having problems with left-right discrimination, reading maps, or remembering what they had read, aspects that have often been related to dyslexia. Results corroborate that many popular beliefs about dyslexia are not based on scientific evidence and that most questionnaires could erroneously signalize people without reading difficulties. We propose a short questionnaire focused on exploring only seven specific aspects of reading that would help identify dyslexia persistent symptoms in young adults to support them to continue their academic studies.

Resumen Los rasgos de dislexia tienden a persistir hasta la edad adulta, desafortunadamente muchos jóvenes nunca son diagnosticados y continúan lidiando con sus dificultades en etapas preuniversitarias. En el presente estudio se buscó identificar las dificultades en la vida cotidiana que reportan jóvenes preuniversitarios en un cuestionario de dislexia para adultos, para lo cual se compararon las respuestas de 52 estudiantes del último grado de bachillerato, entre 17 y 18 años de edad, 26 jóvenes clasificados como disléxicos por su baja velocidad lectora y pobre conocimiento ortográfico y 26 sin dificultades lectoras, se analizó cada pregunta y su relación con el rendimiento lector. Los resultados mostraron que los jóvenes con dislexia no reportan problemas con la rotación de números, pero sí con el llenado de formas, la ortografía y la lectura en voz alta, en cambio los jóvenes sin dificultades lectoras señalaron con mayor frecuencia tener problemas para discriminar derecha-izquierda, leer un mapa o recordar lo que acaban de leer, aspectos que muchas veces se han relacionado con dislexia. Estos resultados confirman que muchas creencias populares sobre la dislexia no tienen un fundamento científico que las sustente y que los puntajes totales de los cuestionarios de dislexia podría señalar erróneamente a personas sin dificultades lectoras. Proponemos un cuestionario breve enfocado a explorar sólo siete aspectos específicos de la lectura que ayudarían a indentificar rasgos residuales de dislexia en jóvenes, con el fin de brindarles apoyo para continuar sus estudios académicos.

Resumo Os traços da dislexia tendem a persistir na idade adulta, infelizmente muitos jovens nunca são diagnosticados e continuam a lidar com suas dificuldades na fase pré-universitária. No presente estudo, buscou-se identificar as dificuldades no cotidiano relatadas por jovens pré-universitários em um questionário de dislexia para adultos, para o qual foram respondidas 52 estudantes do último ano do ensino médio, entre 17 e 18 anos de idade. , foram comparados 26 jovens classificados como disléxicos devido à baixa velocidade de leitura e baixo conhecimento ortográfico e 26 sem dificuldades de leitura, foram analisadas cada questão e sua relação com o desempenho na leitura. Os resultados mostraram que os jovens com dislexia não relatam problemas com rotação de números, mas com preenchimento de formulários, ortografia e leitura em voz alta, enquanto jovens sem dificuldades de leitura relataram com maior frequência ter problemas para discriminar direita-esquerda, ler mapa ou lembrar o que faziam. acabei de ler, aspectos que muitas vezes têm sido relacionados à dislexia. Esses resultados confirmam que muitas crenças populares sobre a dislexia não têm base científica para apoiá-las e que os escores totais dos questionários de dislexia podem apontar erroneamente para pessoas sem dificuldades de leitura. Propomos um pequeno questionário focado em explorar apenas sete aspectos específicos da leitura que ajudariam a identificar traços residuais de dislexia em jovens, a fim de fornecer-lhes suporte para continuar seus estudos acadêmicos.

Abstract Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disease, mainly in Caucasian children and young adults. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene, which results in increased viscosity and difficult mucus clearance. The main organ affected is the lung, the pancreas, sweat glands, intestine, liver, nasal mucosa, salivary glands, and reproductive tract. The clinical manifestations vary, ranging from the most frequent pulmonary symptoms of obstructive disease to gastrointestinal manifestations relatection of pathogenic variants in the CFTR gene allow the diagnosis to be integrated. Cystic fibrosis management consists of three main strategies: firstly, to keep the airway free of secretion; secondly, to keep the airway free of infection; and finally, to maintain an optimal nutritional status. Therapies that seek to correct alterations in the CFTR gene are focused on avoiding a pathogenic nonsense variant, correcting folding, increasing trafficking to the plasma membrane, or increasing the function of the CFTR channel. Other therapies still under development include gene therapy, genome editing, and antisense oligonucleotides to modify the expression of this gene.

Resumen La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad genética autosómica recesiva que se presenta principalmente en niños y adultos jóvenes caucásicos. Está causada por variantes patogénicas en el gen CFTR (regulador de la conductancia transmembrana de la fibrosis quística), lo que ocasiona un aumento de la viscosidad y un difícil aclaramiento del moco. El principal órgano afectado es el pulmón, seguido del páncreas, las glándulas sudoríparas, el intestino, el hígado, la mucosa nasal, las glándulas salivales y el aparato reproductor. Las manifestaciones clínicas son variables y van desde las más frecuentes, que son los síntomas pulmonares de enfermedad obstructiva, hasta manifestaciones gastrointestinales relacionadas con la malabsorción secundaria a la insuficiencia pancreática. Aunque existen múltiples pruebas diagnósticas para la fibrosis quística, el tamiz neonatal, el aumento en el tripsinógeno inmunorreactivo, la prueba de cloro en sudor y la detección de variantes patogénicas en el gen CFTR permiten integrar el diagnóstico. El manejo consta de tres niveles principales: el primero, mantener la vía aérea libre de secreción; el segundo, mantener la vía aérea libre de infección; y por último, mantener un estado nutricional óptimo. Las terapias que buscan corregir las alteraciones en el gen CFTR están enfocadas en evitar una variante patogénica sin sentido, corregir el plegamiento, aumentar el tráfico a la membrana plasmática o incrementar la función del canal CFTR. Otras terapias aún en desarrollo incluyen la terapia génica, la edición del genoma y los oligonucleótidos antisentido para modificar la expresión de este gen.

Resumo: O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar é uma das mais importantes políticas de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional no Brasil, viabilizando a oferta de uma alimentação saudável e adequada a todos os estudantes matriculados na rede pública da educação básica e criando mercados para agricultores familiares. Nesse sentido, partindo do entendimento de que a inserção de alimentos que dialoguem com a sustentabilidade e a cultura alimentar na alimentação escolar poderiam desencadear diversos efeitos positivos no contexto local, este artigo busca relatar as ações iniciais de um projeto maior, desenvolvido no município de Mostardas, que perpassa pela temática da alimentação escolar e da sociobiodiversidade, descrevendo as apreensões sobre o valor sociocultural e nutricional de alimentos da sociobiodiversidade, bem como o papel da escola e da alimentação escolar para a comunidade local. Para tal, esta etapa da pesquisa compreendeu duas fases: a primeira consistiu em um momento de interação com os atores locais, no qual se apreenderam histórias, significados e saberes sobre receitas à base de alimentos da sociobiodiversidade, como o feijão-sopinha e o milho-catete; e a segunda abrangeu a realização da análise de composição química centesimal e de fibras dos referidos alimentos. A partir dos relatos dos participantes, pôde-se compreender o valor sociocultural de alimentos e preparações que remontam a sua cultura e a sua história de vida, assim como a importância, conferida pela comunidade à escola e à alimentação escolar, no que tange à formação dos hábitos alimentares dos alunos. Para além das apreensões no plano simbólico, a caracterização química revelou o potencial nutricional do feijão-sopinha e do milho-catete, os quais se mostraram nutricionalmente superiores quando comparados a outros feijões e milho de consumo habitual dos brasileiros.

Abstract: The National School Feeding Program is one of the most important policies for Food and Nutritional Security in Brazil, enabling the provision of healthy and adequate food to all students enrolled in the public basic education network and creating markets for family farmers. In this sense, based on the understanding that the insertion of food that dialogues with sustainability and food culture in school feeding could trigger several positive effects in the local context, this article seeks to report the initial actions of a larger project, developed in the municipality of Mostardas, which runs through the theme of school feeding and sociobiodiversity, describing concerns about the sociocultural and nutritional value of foods from sociobiodiversity, as well as the role of schools and school feeding for the local community. To this end, this stage of the research comprised two phases: the first consisted of a moment of interaction with the local actors, in which are seized stories, meanings, and knowledge about recipes based on sociobiodiversity foods, such as sopinha bean and catete corn, and the second that included the analysis of chemical composition and fibers of these foods. From the reports of the participants, it is possible to understand the sociocultural value of food and preparations that go back to their culture and their life history, as well as the importance given by the community to the school and school meals, concerning the training students’ eating habits. In addition to the symbolic apprehensions, the chemical characterization revealed the nutritional potential of sopinha bean and catete corn, which proved to be nutritionally superior when compared to other beans and corn of habitual consumption by Brazilians.

Resumen: El Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar es una de las políticas más importantes para la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional en Brasil, que permite la provisión de alimentos saludables y adecuados a todos los estudiantes inscritos en la red pública de educación básica y crea mercados para los agricultores familiares. En este sentido, a partir del entendimiento de que la inserción de alimentos que dialoguen con la sostenibilidad y la cultura alimentaria en la alimentación escolar podrían desencadenar varios efectos positivos en el contexto local, este artículo busca reportar las acciones iniciales de un proyecto mayor, desarrollado en el municipio de Mostardas, que aborda el tema de las comidas escolares y la sociobiodiversidad, describiendo preocupaciones sobre el valor sociocultural y nutricional de los alimentos de la sociobiodiversidad, así como el papel de las escuelas y de las comidas escolares para la comunidad local. Para ello, esta etapa de la investigación comprendió dos fases: la primera consistió en un momento de interacción con los actores locales, en que se aprendieron historias, significados y conocimientos sobre recetas basadas en alimentos de sociobiodiversidad, como frijol sopinha y maíz catete; y el segundo incluyó el análisis de composición química y fibras de estos alimentos. A partir de los relatos de los participantes, es posible comprender el valor sociocultural de los alimentos y preparaciones que se remontan a su cultura y su historia de vida, así como la importancia que la comunidad le da a la escuela y la alimentación escolar, en lo que respecta a la formación de los hábitos alimenticios de los estudiantes. Además de las aprehensiones a nivel simbólico, la caracterización química reveló el potencial nutricional de frijol sopinha y maíz catete, que fueron nutricionalmente superiores en comparación otros frijoles y maíz de consumo habitual por brasileños.

Abstract Introduction and objectives: there is debate whether prolonged breastfeeding is a risk factor for caries. Breastfeeding, recommended for at least two years, has been associated with several benefits, including in oral health. We reviewed the literature on the subject, and present the results observed in the cohort under study. Methods: study conducted in a prospective, open-enrolment and multipurpose cohort of children aged 4-5 years, whose parents completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding diet and lifestyle habits. We performed a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of caries based on the duration of breastfeeding. We adjusted the analysis by age, sex, race, parental knowledge and attitudes, total energy and sugar intake and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Results: the sample included 370 children, of who 50 had developed caries. Breastfeeding up to 12 months was associated with a lower risk of caries, but breastfeeding longer than 12 months was associated with an increased risk (OR 2.75; 95 IC: 1.397 - 5.44; p = 0.003). The total energy and sugar intakes were not significant confounders in the association under study. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet may have a protective effect, but more research is needed to confirm it. Conclusions: we found a significant direct association between breastfeeding for more than 12 months and the prevalence of caries. However, breastfeeding for less than 12 months had a protective effect. Our findings were consistent with the previous literature.

Resumen Introducción: existe controversia sobre si la lactancia materna (LM) prolongada puede ser un factor de riesgo de caries. La LM se recomienda hasta al menos los dos años y tiene demostrados beneficios sobre la salud, incluida la bucodental. Repasamos la evidencia científica y presentamos los resultados de nuestra cohorte. Métodos: cohorte prospectiva, abierta y multipropósito de niños de 4-5 años, cuyos padres responden a cuestionarios autorreferidos acerca de hábitos nutricionales y estilo de vida. Análisis retrospectivo de prevalencia de caries según duración de LM. Ajustamos por edad, sexo, raza, conocimientos nutricionales y actitudes dietéticas de los padres, adhesión a la dieta mediterránea, ingesta energética total y de azúcar. Resultados: se alcanzó un tamaño muestral de 370 participantes, 50 de los cuales había tenido, al menos una caries. La LM hasta los 12 meses se asociaba con un menor riesgo de caries, pero la LM de más de 12 meses se asociaba con un riesgo mayor (odds ratio [OR]: 2,75; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95]: 1,397 a 5,44; p = 0,003). La ingesta energética total o la de azúcar no resultaron ser confusores importantes para la asociación estudiada. La adhesión a dieta mediterránea puede tener un efecto protector, hace falta más investigación al respecto. Conclusiones: existe una asociación directa estadísticamente significativa entre la LM de más de 12 meses y el riesgo de caries. Sin embargo, la LM hasta los 12 meses es un factor protector. Los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con la literatura médica existente.